Physics

2. Electricity
2.1 Mains Electricity>2.2 Energy and Voltage in Circuits>2.3 Energy Charge>

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3. Waves

3.1 Properties of Waves >3.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum >3.3 Light and Sound >

4. Energy Resources & Energy Transfers

4.1 Energy Transfers >4.2 Work and Power >4.3 Energy Resources and Electricity Generation >

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5.1 Density and Pressure >5.2 Change of State >5.3 Ideal Gas Molecules >

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6.1 Magnetism >6.2 Electromagnetism >6.3 Electromagnetic Induction >

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2.2 Energy and Voltage in Circuits

2.2.1 Explain why a series or parallel circuit is more appropriate for particular applications, including domestic lighting

2.2.2 Understand how the current in a series circuit depends on the applied voltage and the number and nature of other components

2.2.3 Describe how current varies with voltage in wires, resistors, metal filament lamps and diodes, and how to investigate this experimentally

2.2.4 Describe the qualitative effect of changing resistance on the current in a circuit

Increasing resistance will decrease current
Decreasing resistance will increase current
Due to the fact that current = voltage / resistance

2.2.5 Describe the qualitative variation of resistance of light-dependent resistors (LDRs) with illumination and thermistors with temperature

2.2.6 Know that lamps and LEDs can be used to indicate the presence of a current in a circuit

2.2.7 Know and use the relationship between voltage, current and resistance:

voltage = current × resistance

2.2.8 Know that current is the rate of flow of charge

2.2.9 Know and use the relationship between charge, current and time:

charge = current × time

2.2.10 Know that electric current in solid metallic conductors is a flow of negatively charged electrons

2.2.11 Understand why current is conserved at a junction in a circuit

2.2.12 Know that the voltage across two components connected in parallel is the same

2.2.13 Calculate the currents, voltages and resistances of two resistive components connected in a series circuit

In a series circuit:

Current of entire circuit = current at first component = current at second component

Voltage of entire circuit = voltage at first component + voltage at second component

Resistance of entire circuit = resistance of first component + resistance of second component

Ctotal = C1 = C2

Vtotal = V1 + V2

Rtotal = R1 + R2

In a parallel circuit:

Current of entire circuit = current at first component + current at second component

Voltage of entire circuit = voltage at first component = voltage at second component

1/Resistance of entire circuit = 1/resistance of first component + 1/resistance of second component

Ctotal = C1 + C2

Vtotal = V1 = V2

1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2

2.2.14 Know that:

voltage is the energy transferred per unit charge passed
the volt is a joule per coulomb

2.2.15 Know and use the relationship between energy transferred, charge and voltage:

energy transferred = charge × voltage