REVISION NOTES
1.2.1 Understand how to classify a substance as an element, compound or mixture
1.2.2 Understand that a pure substance has a fixed melting and boiling point, but that a mixture may melt or boil over a range of temperatures
1.2.3 describe these experimental techniques for the separation of mixtures:
Summary of Separation Technique
Filtration
Crystallisation
Simple Distillation
Fractional Distillation
PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Step 1: A pencil line is drawn on chromatography paper
Step 2: Sample is spotted on the pencil line
Step 3: The paper is then lowered into the solvent container (make sure that the pencil line sits above the level of the solvent)
Step 4: The solvent travels up the paper, taking some of the coloured substances with it
Step 5: Different substances have different solubilities so will travel at different rates, causing the substances to spread apart
KEY POINTS
1.2.4 Understand how a chromatogram provides information about the composition of a mixture
1.2.5 understand how to use the calculation of Rf values to identify the components of a mixture
RETENTION FACTOR (Rf) VALUE
Calculation
1.2.6 Practical: investigate paper chromatography using inks/food colourings
AIM
EQUIPMENT LIST
METHOD
Result Table
RESULTS
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